Joint Injuries

Bones are connected by joints. These areas of the bones that form a joint are provided with a thick smooth cartilage layer. The joint capsule holds the joint together and is further reinforced by ligaments.

Sprain:
Sprain is a joint injury, in which the joint forming bones are displayed or twisted, momentary but almost immediately return to their nearly original position.

Symptoms and Signs

• Pain, especially when the affected joint is moved
• Swilling
• Bluish discoloration, often caused by a haematom

Danger
The joint capsule can lacerate, but the ligaments can, likewise, be overstretched or torn.

First Aid
Consult a doctor in case of:

• Extensive haematoma
• Suspicion of internal injuries

If the doctor does not diagnose any severe damage:

• Elevate and immobilize the affected limb.
• Apply cold compresses.

Dislocation:

Dislocation is joint injury, in which the joint forming bones are forced apart by violence, i.e. the ball is from or pushed from the socket and remains in an abnormal position.

Symptoms and Signs

• Pain
• Inability to move
• Abnormal position

Danger

Overstretching and tearing of the socket and the ligaments. Unlike manipulation can cause additional injuries (joint fracture).

First Aid

• Do not move.
• Do not attempt to relocate.
• Carefully immobilize the limb in the position as found.
• Emergency call.